分裂导线平均风荷载阻力系数干扰效应研究

分裂导线在不同风场条件下的阻力系数及干扰效应对导线风荷载的合理化设计十分重要。不同迎风角和雷诺数下分裂导线气动阻力系数特性及干扰屏蔽效应比较复杂。为了研究该干扰效应,设计长细比约为1∶30、长度约为1m 的导线节段模型试验,获得导线平均风荷载阻力系数随雷诺数、尾流干扰的变化规律;进行了不同风速和迎风方向下4、6和8分裂导线节段模型平均风荷载阻力系数试验,总结了多分裂导线阻力系数的屏蔽效应规律特性。试验结果表明,多分裂导线气动阻力系数干扰效应明显,且不同迎风方式对风荷载影响较大,风荷载明显低于现行规范规定值。分裂导线风荷载合理化设计和计算应该重视迎风角度和干扰效应的影响。     

相对流速对非球形铝滴旋转受力的影响

针对固体火箭发动机中非球形铝滴的旋转受力问题进行数值模拟,详细分析流速变化对颗粒的受力影响。计算结果表明,非球颗粒在流场中的升力系数与无量纲转速之间已经不再满足经典的理论关系式。雷诺数Re1时,周向升力系数存在着交替出现的2组极大值与极小值;升力系数均为正值,且周向变化较为平缓。随来流速度增加,阻力系数变得均衡,系数值向0值逼近;升力系数也急速降低。当相对流速由0.5 m/s提高到5 m/s时,颗粒所受阻力锐降89%。颗粒的阻力系数与雷诺数之间满足新的关系式。     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

Experiment of drag characteristics of a novel variable geometry flame-holder

A novel variable geometry flame-holder (VGF) based on V-gutter was presented. The structural characteristics of the flame holder were introduced. Experimental study on drag characteristics of the VGF on un-burning and burning states was conducted in a rectangular combustion test rig. The influence of the change of gutter trailing edge width w on pressure recovery in different operating conditions was analyzed emphatically. Furthermore,drag characteristics in different trailing edge width variation modes were discussed. Results show that: (1) Narrowing w can observably raise the total pressure recovery σ but the highest σ is not obtained at minimum w. (2) The relationship of drag coefficient ψ and w in the un-burning conditions can be well expressed in a form of exponential equation (w/d>0.4). (3) Drag characteristics are not sensitive to the variation modes and speeds of w . (4) In the burning condition,σ decreases with the increasing of w basically and the course can be divided into three stages. The results and experimental data presented in this paper would enhance the phenomenological understanding of this type of VGF,and would contribute to the next experimental study and numerical calculus of this novel VGF.      

民机翼身整流影响分析与设计研究

针对某民机翼身组合体进行了翼身整流设计,以减弱机翼机身附面层之间的相互干扰,消除翼身结合处气流的分离,改善该民机的阻力性能。将翼身整流的多种设计方案(不同类型,不同安装位置,不同的几何尺寸等)配置到某民机翼身组合体模型上,用CFD方法对其流场进行粘性绕流数值模拟并对结果进行优化分析,得到了针对该民机减阻效果较好的翼身整流设计方案。     

非牛顿流体在正弦波壁管内的减阻特性

通过添加高分子表面活性剂来有效降低流动阻力在水处理和石油开采等行业中具有重要的现实意义。实验研究了聚丙烯酰胺聚合物（PAM）溶液在正弦波壁管内的减阻特性。研究发现,PAM溶液在层流区域具有明显的减阻作用,在湍流区域却不是很明显;同时在波壁管内存在一个PAM的最佳减阻浓度。另外,通过f-Re曲线发现PAM溶液的过渡域转捩点比牛顿流体明显提前,流动可视化结果验证了上述结论;应用Fluent进行数值模拟得到的数值结果与实验基本吻合。     

亚声速叶片与跨声速叶片的气动阻尼比较

为了研究叶轮机中叶片与流场流固耦合作用情况下的气动阻尼,分别以亚声速和跨声速转子叶片为例计算气动阻尼。根据对非定常气动力的分析,提出了一种与结构等效粘滞阻尼比对应的模态气动等效粘滞阻尼比的定义。采用弱耦合分域求解的算法,在线性范围内,计算并比较了跨声速叶片和亚声速叶片模态和振幅对模态气动阻尼比的影响,根据分布气动阻尼比研究压缩波对模态气动阻尼比的影响。研究结果表明这两类叶片的气动阻尼特性基本一致,所提参数对两类叶片的气动阻尼的影响基本相同。     

叶轮机械颤振稳定性的工程预测方法

通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程并采用影响系数法,对三个基本正交模态的三维振荡涡轮叶片绕流问题进行了研究。结果表明数值模拟所得非定常气动力与实验吻合较好;基于刚体运动假设和模态叠加法,得到了可用于叶轮机械设计阶段颤振稳定性评估的稳定性参数图/气动阻尼图,即所有可能的刚体运动及其相应气动阻尼的关系图;通过对稳定性参数图/气动阻尼图的分析表明,在一定情况下振型对颤振稳定性有重要影响,应将其作为颤振稳定性设计的重要参数之一。     

大上翘机身后体设计方法

 在具有大上翘角的运输机机身后体设计中,目前国际上多以上翘角、长细比、收缩比和扁平度4种主要几何参数作为机身后体的设计原则。以国际上3种典型运输机为研究原型,构造了3种大上翘后体机身模型,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了3种机身的阻力与绕流特性,综合分析了上翘角、长细比、收缩比和扁平度4种几何参数对机身阻力和绕流特性的影响及其描述大上翘后体形状对阻力特性影响的适用性。研究结果表明：仅占总阻力15％～20％的压差阻力决定机身的阻力特性,机身减阻应从减小压差阻力入手;后体截面形状是影响压差阻力的关键因素,而扁平度不能准确完整地描述后体截面形状对压差阻力的影响,采用近圆度及其沿机身轴线的变化描述后体截面形状的影响更为合理。提出了应以上翘角、长细比、收缩比、近圆度和近圆度沿机身轴线的变化率5种参数为主作为大上翘机身后体设计原则。